Q: Why does limestone need different treatment than marble if both are calcium carbonate?
Limestone is softer and more porous than marble. The same diamond pad that polishes marble to a mirror will burn limestone or expose voids in it. We use a finer-grit progression with less aggressive abrasive, stop at a satin hone instead of full polish, and use a higher-absorption sealer. Limestone also etches faster than marble, so a hone is more forgiving long-term than a polish.
Q: Can you polish slate?
Not in the way most people mean. Slate has a natural cleft texture that gives it character, and grinding it smooth destroys that. What we do for slate is a deep enzymatic clean to pull dirt and old wax out of the cleft, then color enhancement with a penetrating enhancer like Aqua Mix Enhancer Pro to deepen the natural blacks, blues, and greens. Then a topical sealer for protection. The result looks freshly installed.
Q: Is terrazzo worth restoring or should we just replace it?
Restore it almost always. Vintage terrazzo from the 1950s and 1960s is irreplaceable. The marble chip aggregate, the original color matrix, and the patina take 70 years to develop. We grind, densify, and polish to expose fresh aggregate and bring back the original gloss. Repair costs run a fraction of replacement, and you keep the character of the home.
Q: How do you restore onyx without breaking it?
Slow and by hand. Onyx is brittle and translucent, so we use light passes with ultra-fine diamonds (mostly 800, 1500, 3000) and finish with cerium oxide compound. Edges are hand-polished with rubber-backed pads. We never use heavy machines on onyx. Most onyx jobs are smaller, like a feature wall or a bar top, and we treat them more like fine cabinetry than flooring.
Q: What about soapstone counters?
Soapstone is soft enough to scratch with a fingernail and doesn't need sealer. We polish lightly with very fine pads if there are deep scratches, then apply mineral oil to deepen the color. The oil refreshes every few weeks for the first year, then less often as the stone naturally develops a patina. Soapstone is the most low-maintenance stone we work with.
Q: How do I know what kind of stone I have?
Send us a few photos and we'll usually identify it from the grain pattern, color, and surface character. If we can't tell from photos, we identify on site with a hardness test and a drop of dilute acid in a hidden corner. The acid bubbles on calcium carbonate (marble, limestone, travertine, onyx) and does nothing on silica-based stones (granite, quartzite, slate). Five-minute test.
Q: Will polishing remove dark spots and stains?
Most surface dullness and traffic wear comes out with the polishing pass. Deep stains from oil, rust, or organic material need a poultice applied first, which sits 24 to 48 hours and pulls the stain up out of the pores. We add poultice work to the quote when we see staining at the walk.